B. Αμερική = γη ισπανική

[Διάδοχος]

[Διάδοχος]

The Viceroyalty of New Spain was an integral territorial entity of the Spanish Empire, established by Habsburg Spain during the Spanish colonization of the Americas. It covered a huge area that included territories in North America, Central America, Asia and Oceania. It originated after the fall of Mexico-Tenochtitlan, the main event of the Spanish conquest, which did not properly end until much later, as its territory continued to grow to the north. It was officially created on 8 March 1535 as a viceroyalty (Spanish: virreinato), the first of four viceroyalties Spain created in the Americas. Its first viceroy was Antonio de Mendoza y Pacheco, and the capital of the viceroyalty was Mexico City, established on the ancient Mexico-Tenochtitlan.

It included what is now Mexico plus the current U.S. states of California, Nevada, Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, Arizona, Texas, Oregon, Washington, Florida and parts of Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, Kansas, Oklahoma and Louisiana; as well as the southwestern part of British Columbia of present-day Canada; plus the Captaincy General of Guatemala (which included the current countries of Guatemala, the Mexican state of Chiapas, Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua); the Captaincy General of Cuba (current Cuba, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, Trinidad and Tobago and Guadeloupe); and the Captaincy General of the Philippines (including the Philippines, the Caroline Islands, the Mariana Islands and the short lived Spanish Formosa in modern day northern Taiwan).

The political organization divided the viceroyalty into kingdoms and captaincies general. The kingdoms were those of New Spain (different from the viceroyalty itself); Nueva Galicia (1530); Captaincy General of Guatemala (1540); Nueva Vizcaya (1562); New Kingdom of León (1569); Santa Fe de Nuevo México (1598); Nueva Extremadura (1674) and Nuevo Santander (1746). There were four captaincies: Captaincy General of the Philippines (1574), Captaincy General of Cuba, Captaincy General of Puerto Rico and Captaincy General of Santo Domingo. These territorial subdivisions had a governor and captain general (who in New Spain was the viceroy himself, who added this title to his other dignities). In Guatemala, Santo Domingo and Nueva Galicia, these officials were called presiding governors, since they were leading real audiences. For this reason, these hearings were considered "praetorial."

There were two great estates. The most important was the Marquisate of the Valley of Oaxaca, property of Hernán Cortés and his descendants that included a set of vast territories where marquises had civil and criminal jurisdiction, and the right to grant land, water and forests and within which were their main possessions (cattle ranches, agricultural work, sugar mills, fulling houses and shipyards) . The other estate was the Duchy of Atlixco, granted in 1708, by King Philip V to José Sarmiento de Valladares, former viceroy of New Spain and married to the Countess of Moctezuma, with civil and criminal jurisdiction over Atlixco, Tepeaca, Guachinango, Ixtepeji and Tula de Allende. King Charles III introduced reforms in the organization of the viceroyalty in 1786, known as Bourbon reforms, which created the intendencias, which allowed to limit, in some way, the viceroy's attributions.

New Spain developed highly regional divisions, reflecting the impact of climate, topography, indigenous populations, and mineral resources. The areas of central and southern Mexico had dense indigenous populations with complex social, political, and economic organization. The northern area of Mexico, a region of nomadic and semi-nomadic indigenous populations, was not generally conducive to dense settlements, but the discovery of silver in Zacatecas in the 1540s drew settlement there to exploit the mines. Silver mining not only became the engine of the economy of New Spain, but vastly enriched Spain and transformed the global economy. New Spain was the New World terminus of the Philippine trade, making the viceroyalty a vital link between Spain's New World empire and its Asian empire.

From the beginning of the 19th century, the viceroyalty fell into crisis, aggravated by the Peninsular War, and its direct consequence in the viceroyalty, the political crisis in Mexico in 1808, which ended with the government of viceroy José de Iturrigaray and, later, gave rise to the Conspiracy of Valladolid and the Conspiracy of Querétaro. This last one was the direct antecedent of the Mexican War of Independence, which, when concluding in 1821, disintegrated the viceroyalty and gave way to the Mexican Empire, in which finally Agustín de Iturbide would be crowned.

[Adminović]

Γη μεχικάνικη ωρε.

Στηρίζουμε σουτάρισμα των λευκών λαθροσαβούρων που κατέχουν το βορρά της Αμάρουκα. .

[Διάδοχος]

Και το Μέχικο λευκούς έχει, οι Μάγιας είναι μειοψηφία.

[Adminović]

Όξω οι λάθρο λαίμαι. Η Αμάρουκα ανήκει στους Αμαρουκάνους.

[Διάδοχος]

#cancelwhitepeople

[Adminović]

Και το Μέχικο λευκούς έχει, οι Μάγιας είναι μειοψηφία.

Και Μάγιας έχει και Αζτέκους και πολλούς ακόμα.

Ο μέσος μεχικάνος έχει κάποια σχέση με Native Americans. Ο λευκός λάθρο του βορρά, δεν έχει καμία σχέση.

[break]

Μα δεν ενδιαφέρεται κανείς για την γή. Για την φιλελεύθερη και πλούσια κοινωνία που έχει στηθεί πάνω στην γη υπάρχει το ενδιαφέρον.

Δηλαδή αν ο λευκός του άφηνε την γη και πήγαινε κάπου αλλού να στήσει αυτή την κοινωνία πάλι όλους αυτούς στα σύνορα θα τους έβρισκες να θέλουν να μπουν μέσα.

[Διάδοχος]

Μα δεν ενδιαφέρεται κανείς για την γή. Για την φιλελεύθερη και πλούσια κοινωνία που έχει στηθεί πάνω στην γη υπάρχει το ενδιαφέρον.

A μπα, τότε γιατί πριν ακόμη υπάρξει αυτή η κοινωνία, οι Ευρωπαίοι έκαναν ουρές και στιβαζόταν στα καράβια για να μεταναστεύσουν σε αυτή;

[break]

Μα δεν ενδιαφέρεται κανείς για την γή. Για την φιλελεύθερη και πλούσια κοινωνία που έχει στηθεί πάνω στην γη υπάρχει το ενδιαφέρον.

A μπα, τότε γιατί πριν ακόμη υπάρξει αυτή η κοινωνία, οι Ευρωπαίοι έκαναν ουρές και στιβαζόταν στα καράβια για να μεταναστεύσουν σε αυτή;

Άσχετο το ένα με το άλλο. Εγώ σου λέω ποια είναι τα κίνητρα αυτών που θέλουν να μπουν μέσα τώρα. Όχι τα κίνητρα αυτών που μπήκαν μέσα τότε.

Η επανάκτηση εδαφών που δικαιωματικά τους ανήκουν δεν έχει σχέση με τα κίνητρα αυτών που είναι στα σύνορα. Αυτό που θέλουν είναι να φύγουν από την κοινωνία που είναι τώρα και να γίνουν μέρος της Αμερικάνικης κοινωνίας. Αν η Αμερικάνικη κοινωνία (με κάποιου είδους νοητικό πείραμα) έφευγε από εκεί που είναι τώρα και πήγαινε αλλού το ίδιο θα έκαναν και αυτοί. Δεν θα παρέμεναν στην γη που τώρα είναι ελεύθερη για να την πάρουν και να την κάνουν ότι θέλουν.